China’s security law on Hong Kong

 On june 30th,2020 china passed a new wide-range law for its own territory (Hong Kong special administrative region ). China’s parliament implemented new legislation for Hong Kong that will for the first time empower China to draft national security laws in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong is situated in China’s southern coast surrounded by Chinese water on all sides .

Hong kong was running on the policy of “One Country, two systems” . To put it simply , this policy was proposed by Deng Xiaomi h , after he took the reins of the country in 1970 . the British had taken control on Hong Kong in 1842 after their first Opium War . After this , China and British made a deal that British will take control of the surrounding islands of Hong Kong on leise for at least 99 years. British also promised China that they will hand over all the islands after the expiry of the agreement . Not only Hong Kong . Portugal, on the other side, was ruling on China’s other territory Macau since 1557 .

Why did this happen ?

As discussed above , Hong Kong was dependent on a basic policy that made its running a bit unique unlike the other parts of China . Basically , Hong Kong had some special freedoms like - freedom of independent judiciary and freedom of assembly and speech and other democratic rights which was not implemented in the other parts of this country . Although , China is a communist country , and to protect these certain freedoms from Hong Kong , they tried to do this.

What are the laws ?

1. Crimes of succession , subversion , terrorism and collusion with foreign forces are punishable by a maximum sentence of life in prison.

2. Any damage caused public transport will be considered as terrorism.

3. Violations of withdrawal, disruption, intimidation and arrangement with outside powers deserving of imprisonment.

4. Organizations or groups that abuse national security law will be fined and will have activities suspended.

5. Harming bound open transportation partner degreed instrumentality will be thought of a demonstration of "fear mongering".

6. A few preliminaries will be distinguished away from plain view.

7. Anybody denounced for disregarding security enactment won't be permitted to get himself/herself in any Hong Kong decisions.

8. The law can apply to perpetual and non lasting inhabitants of Hong Kong.

9. The exercises of the new national security organization and its work force in Hong Kong won't be underneath the ward of the administration.

10. The law says the administration of foreign NGOs and new organizations in Hong Kong will be solid.

11. Specialists will study and wiretap people associated with jeopardizing national security.

Concerns raised

● The new law enables organs of the central government “for the protection of national security” to set up “institutions in the HKSAR”, a provision that has been a particular source of concern.

● The NPC decision in China is criticized by some democratic parties and some in the legal community in Hong Kong as undermining the “one country, two systems” model.

● Some things are still not clear

1. How will agencies set up in the HKSAR and work under the laws of the HKSAR ,

2. Whether they will be bound by the laws of the HKSAR,

3. Whether they have the power of the enforcement, and

4. Whether such powers as exercised will be limited by the laws currently in force in HKSAR.

International reaction

After the enforcement of new security laws in Hong Kong by China , this has become an international highlight topic in the world , as Hong Kong is no longer protected with their own laws , their relations with other foreign countries will be no longer strong as it was before , specially with the U.S.A and U.K . Hence , many countries conveyed their views in this topic . we will discuss this below :-

● United Kingdom

China broke our trust and agreement , hence it became necessary for us to look forward to each and every law that is implemented by China because they can't go against the obligations to the international community . We can't let our commitments to Hong Kong’s go down. Also , Britain is raising this issue at the UN human right council.

● United States

The brutality and domination of China on the citizens of Hong Kong was not acceptable in the international scenario. They were frightened and bullied and not served their own laws for their freedom and protection. We will try to please mr. Donald Trump to give it a look and take this matter to the UN human rights council.

● European Union

This step will surely affect the autonomy of Hong Kong and also the independence of its judiciary rule of law .

● Hong Kong

They are just trying to target an extremely small minority of people after breaching their agreement with the U.K. This new legislation can't undermine “one country, two system” policy and its autonomy.

Can China do this ?

Generally, China’s laws can’t be applied in Hong Kong unless and until they all are covered in Annex 111 . Although some of them were already listed there , which are usually uncontroversial and around foreign policy.

Reaction of Hong Kong :Umbrella movement

● The umbrella movement was started against Chinese imposed laws as a spontaneous social movement in Hong Kong in September 2014.

● The movement was seen all over the world as it was huge in duration , location . The movement was empowered by the media at large glance .

● The movement got its name by the unique way of protesting , that is ,an umbrella and it lasts for 79 days .

● Also ,those umbrellas were used as a tool for defense against police and pepper spray .

Conclusion

After knowing everything about the current scenario in Hong Kong, we have seen the brutality and ruthlessness of Chinese Communist party over Hong Kong. The protection and freedom of Hong Kong have now vanished after the implementation of new Security laws. The relations of Hong Kong with other foreign countries were different as compared to China . The basic purpose for imposing these laws was that no other state or territory were enjoying this much freedom as much as Hong Kong were , which became a major reason for Chinese Communist party to implement these laws. Although, other foreign countries are totally against this action of China as their brutality was not acceptable in international views. The people of Hong Kong tried to save themselves from these imposed laws and also wanted to get rid of the Chinese interference. Hence ,they failed at it. After breaching the agreement with the U.K , China made its clarification that they are sticking to their habits. This action will directly give effect to Hong Kong on their marketing and economic relations with foreign countries. In the end, i would like to make my words here, that what all happened with Hong Kong and how brutally China ended their rights and freedoms from citizens of Hong Kong was all against the international laws. Here , China should think over what they did and what made them to breach their Contract with the U.K before it's expiry. The freedom of Hong Kong and their rights should have given back to Hong Kong and should stop practicing such things on them.